Consecutive interpreting
In consecutive interpreting, the interpreter renders what has been said after the speaker has finished a few sentences or a longer passage. For longer passages, interpreters use a special note-taking technique that has nothing to do with classic shorthand.
One major advantage: no equipment is needed. Only for larger groups are microphones and loudspeakers added.
Consecutive interpreting is the oldest form of interpreting. Since the second half of the 20th century, however, simultaneous interpreting has almost completely replaced it at international events – the Nuremberg trials are regarded as its birth.
Unilateral and bilateral consecutive interpreting
In unilateral consecutive interpreting, interpretation takes place in one language direction only. The passages are usually longer, so the interpreters work with notes. Typical occasions:
- ceremonies, welcome addresses and dinner speeches
- high-level protocol events
- presentations and press conferences
In bilateral consecutive interpreting, one interpreter works in both language directions. The contributions are shorter, and interpretation is mostly done from memory. This form is also called liaison or negotiation interpreting. Typical occasions:
- meetings
- negotiations
- interviews
The interpreters' note-taking technique
To render longer passages completely, consecutive interpreters use their own note-taking technique. They do not write down word for word, but record the structure and key messages using symbols, arrows, underlining and abbreviations. It has nothing to do with shorthand: the notes relieve the memory, the real work is understanding.
Figures, names and technical terms are noted particularly carefully. That is why it is all the more important for the interpreters to receive documents in advance – see preparatory material.
What to consider when planning
Consecutive interpreting has some drawbacks you should be aware of:
- Twice the time: for a ten-minute speech, plan about 20 minutes with interpretation, and 30 minutes for two target languages. That is why consecutive interpreting into more than one language is the exception.
- Loss of detail: with long passages, nuances can be lost because the interpreter has to reproduce everything from notes and memory.
- Listening twice: anyone who understands both languages hears every content twice. This demands a lot of discipline from participants.
- Interrupted flow: the constant pauses take momentum out of an event.
For events with many international participants, simultaneous interpreting is therefore usually the better choice. For short speeches, small groups and conversations, on the other hand, consecutive interpreting is often ideal.
Not sure which form suits your event? Contact us – we will be happy to advise you.